Business Plan and Marketing of Central Queensland University

Question: Discuss about the Marketing of Central Queensland University. Answer: Background of the University Originally, the University was established in 1967 in Rockhampton. Initially, the university was known as Capricornia (Institute of Technology). It was one of the few Australian Institutes to start the provision of distance learning by 1974 (CQUniversity, 2012). Further campuses were developed between 1978 and 1989 in Gladstone, Bundaberg, Mackay, and Emerald. Later in 1992, the institute attained the status of a University and it became to be known as Queensland University. Currently, the CQU has grown to open branches throughout Australia, its campuses in Townsville, Brisbane, Sydney, Adelaide, Melbourne, Cairns, and Noosa (CQUniversity, 2012). Apart from the campuses, the University has also study centers in Yeppoon and Biloela, Partner study hubs in New South Wales, Cooma, Queensland, and Karratha, also the University has opened Distance Education centers in Townsville and Perth. The University has been in existence for more than 20 years, and now after merging with CQ TAFE in 2014, CQU has been able to provide a range of diverse educational courses and training programs to an average of 30000 students studying for various educational programs, ranging from certificates to doctorate degrees (Queensland Government, 2017). The areas of study include Accounting and Law, Apprenticeships, Performing and Visual Arts, Digital Media, Creative, Health, Education and Humanities, Information Technology and Psychology, Engineering and Built Environment, Business, Work and Study Preparation, Trades and Training, Science and Environment,and Social Work and Community Services (CQUniversity, 2017). The amalgamation of CQU and TAFE saw the development of the first Queensland dual sector university. The university provides an approach that is more comprehensive towards training, education, engagement and research in the whole region of Queensland and beyond. Market Summary Generally, there are 43 universities in Australia, among these universities there is a specialty private university and two international university ( Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2011). In terms of employment, the universities provide jobs for more than 125000 staff. In 2014 the Australian economy gained from more than $ 140 billion from the universities ( Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2011). The universities have provided education for more than 1.4 million local and international students. The Australian market serves both the local and international students, with the average enrollment of international students standing at 375,000. The third largest service export in Australia is the international student education which accounts to close to $ 22 billion annually. With the regulations changes and demand in qualifications requiring qualifications for specific opportunities for employment, the 37% of age group of between 25-35 years old holds a bachelor or higher degree. According to a recent demand assessment report, the number of student enrollment to Australian universities grew to 1.41 million in 2015 (Australian University Network, 2017). Going with the average growth rate, it is expected that the annual growth rate is at 8%. This indicates that in coming years, the annual revenue generated by the universities in Australia will continue to increase. Market Segmentation and Analysis of the Target market The CQU has spread across Australia, including the Queensland region and other major cities such as Brisbane, Perth, Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney, etc. The students are made up of students from all over the world, with the majority of the students being the local students who are in need of quality education at a reduced cost. Students can enroll in four major courses, namely: Research higher degree, Vocational Education and Training, Undergraduate and non-award, and Postgraduate coursework. Through its numerous campuses, the university has access to the vast Australian market and opportunities to attract international students. According to the universitys website, in 2016 more than 5000 students were international students out of the total number of 22000 enrolled that year. Demographic Segmentation The university provides different modes of learning for its students ranging from distance learning to campus study. The university also provides arrange of different types of courses and more than 41 exchange programs. The information below shows the university market segmentation: Variable Specification Lifestyle: Wealthy class, Higher class, and Middle class. Age: 17-35 Gender: Female and Male Education Level: Above or high school Student Citizenship: Australian and International Personality: Self-confident, independent, and future concerned PEST Analysis PEST analysis allows the staff, management, president, and the chancellor to make a decision that is more informed concerning planning, finance, and management that are influenced by changes that are originates from the political, economic, social, and technological. Political The government policies, that appeals drastic changes to procedures and policies that influence the activities of the university. The government taking over to run the university Immigration laws changes impacting the international students intake. Regulations affecting the finance management. Economic Funding shareholders decisions that may have negative or positive effect. Fee structure restrictions Changes in the resources costs, such as real estate, technological infrastructure, and human resource. Risk of moving crucial staff which was involved highly in the universitys growth Social Drastic population changes. Demographic dynamics, resulting in diversity increase. . Dynamics of employment opportunities which encourages students to enroll into the university . The Social Media effects. Dynamics of qualification expectations. Staff that is not qualified. Information globalization. Technological Standards update requiring infrastructure changes. Settling for the appropriate technology that is relevant in the current and future world. Maintenance of IT systems including the upgrade of the systems. Competitor Analysis Just like any other business industry, all the Competitor Analysis As with any industry, all the universities compete with each other to get as many students as possible and to provide the best quality services to those students (Queensland Government, 2017). CQU competes with major universities because of its presence across different cities in Australia. Keeping CQU at the center, an analysis of the industry suggests that university of south Queensland pose a direct competition to the. These two institutions have their headquarters located in Queensland and their competition aspects include the students in distance, postgraduate, and undergraduate learning programs (CQUniversity, 2012). Both institutions are competing to get the share of the international students. There is a very tough competitive environment between the universities. However, with the new initiatives that are being initiated by CQU such as the new expansion, are enabling the university to have a competitive edge. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis The CQUs SWOT analysis has been performed below: Strengths: The CQ Universitys vast geographical presence is the universitys primary strength. Also, the university is among the learning institutions that are most engaging and inclusive universities. According to the World University Ranking (Studycairn, 2017), the CQU is a tops the list of under 100 Young Universities. Weaknesses: The completion rate of the university is among the worst at 42%. Because of this, some people perceive it as not being a good university. Opportunities: The university need to enhance the image of its brand so as to improve the national and international perceptions (Yoram Wind, 2000). Additionally, the university should take advantage of its presence and increase the enrollment numbers. The university has massive resources, and at such it should increase the competition rate by capitalizing on those resources Threats: Some of the threats affecting the performance of the CQU is the mismanagement of resources at campus level. The pooling of resources by other competing universities. The government funding restrictions that could otherwise help students from low income family. Value and Brand Positioning Analysis The university is run on Leadership, Openness, Engagement, and Inclusive values (CQUniversity, 2012). The value analysis demonstrates that the school is looking to positon itself as the university of the people. The differentiation of values is based more on emotional modifiers and not in terms of financial or educational aspects. The satisfaction rate of the university is 81% based on the recent report published by Sydney Morning Herald (Knott, 2017). The report indicates that most of the students are satisfied by the quality of education provided by the CQU. The brand name also has been positioned among the top 100 Young Universities based on the world ranking. Marketingand Promotional Objectives The market and promotional objectives of the university is to createmarketing strategies that will ensure the delivery of the revenue and reputation aims and objectives of the university with the public and private sector. Mechanism Create a marketing plan that is integrated across the university to generate income growth on the following business segments: Establishment of focused strategic long-term RD with other business stakeholders. Conduct research and consultancy. Provision of educational programs. Develop relationship with the target students employers by communicating to them the quality of students from CQU. Improve international collaboration and engagement among the leveraging CQU staff and academic staff. Market Mix Strategies The main objectives of marketing are to satisfy and meet the wants and needs of the target customers better than the competitors. Marketing is a skill that every organization must be able to implement in order to realize success (Hanover Research, 2014). Market mix refers to the set of controllable and tactical marketing tools which include promotion, place, product, and price that the business combines to attain the desired response from the target market. When determining, brands offering the market mix is very crucial, and mostly it is referred to as four Ps. Product Product is that attracts the use, acquisition, consumption, attention and which can satisfy a need or a want. A product can be intangible like a service or tangible like a good. Therefore, for an educational brand is an intangible service (Clayton University, 2014). The marketing of this kind of a product is inclined towards school facilities such as workshops, training labs, and libraries. The universities can differentiate their products based on the quality. Price Pricing plays a very important role in the market mix, since it captivates consumers and provides revenues to learning institutes (College, 2015). Price refers to the amount of money that a consumer exchanges to acquire a particular service or product. Promotion The universities need to link their target market to the public. They must inform the students and parents concerning their aims and activities so as to inspire them to develop an interest in their institution. Educational institutions must develop strategic promotions that encourages their target audience to buy their services. Place (Distribution) Place as a component of market mix comprises all organizational activities that avails the product to the targeted consumers. It can be explained as an act of availing product or services to the customer for easy accessibility (Hanover Research, 2014). In most instances, the providers of services adopt the approaches of direct marketing in the distribution of their services to the target audience. In marketing of higher education, place simply refers to the accessibility and availability of the institution to its stakeholders. Media and Budget Allocation The Board of Governors of CQU needs to approve a $347.3-million balanced operating budget for 2016/17 that is centered on priorities by enhancing and maintaining the quality of education and building capacity to retain the best staff and students (CQUniversity, 2012). In the coming years, the planning and budgeting will be informed by the Universitys Enhanced Planning Tool. These tools ensure that there is transparency across administrative and academic units, which can inform the development of budgeting and planning frameworks. Conclusion The research shows that Central Queensland University in Australia, hast the largest footprints in terms of geographic presence. The institution is also getting more numbers of the distance learning and international students. With the future perspective, the university should pay attention to the rates of graduation and improving the market and public perception. The Central Queensland University has numerous opportunities ahead because of the ever-increasing educational demands. References Australian Universities Quality Agency. (2011). Australian University Quality Agency. Melbourne: Australian Universities Quality Agency . Australian University Network. (2017). CQUniversity (CQU) Profile. Retrieved from australianuniversities.com.au: https://www.australianuniversities.com.au/profiles/cquniversity-cqu.html Clayton University. (2014). Clayton State University Integrated Marketing Plan 2014-2017. Clayton University. College, K. S. (2015). University College Strategic Marketing Plan 2015-2017. Kennesaw State University College. CQUniversity. (2012). CQUniversity Annual Report. Brisbane: CQUniversity. CQUniversity. (2017). Courses. Retrieved from cqu.edu.au: https://www.cqu.edu.au/courses Hanover Research. (2014). Trends in Higher Education Marketing, Recruitment, and Technology. Hanover Research. Queensland Government. (2017). Central Queensland University (CQU) Rockhampton. Retrieved from dilgp.qld.gov.au: https://www.dilgp.qld.gov.au/planning/priority-development-areas/cqu-rockhampton.html Studycairn. (2017, 5 2). CQUniversity Ranked #90 in latest Young Uni Global Rankings. Retrieved from studycairns.com.au: https://www.studycairns.com.au/12688-2/ Yoram Wind, D. R. (2000). Market segmentation.

HDFC Bank free essay sample

Private banking is a concept which is new and fast emerging in the world of banking where changes have become a necessity in order for banks to survive in this competitive environment vis-a-vis not only from the public and private sector banks but also from the foreign banks. The objective of the research is to explore the various products, which a private banker deals into and the systematic process involved to match client requirements with the right kind of product. Through this research one of the main objectives is to explore the reason why most of the banks are injecting private banking as business profile to their set of service offerings. Though private banking evolved in late 80’s in Asia, in India its not more than 15 years old. HDFC started it in Aug 1994 and since then it has been a remarkable success. Today there are enormous solutions to cater client needs but what suits best to a client is where private banking fits in. Every client will have different needs, liking and preferences. So a customized portfolio for every client is the need of the day. This research will highlight more on the product portfolio of HDFC Private Banking, how they have changed or innovatively structured to be attractive and competitive. Research objective 1. To identify the major attributes of customer satisfaction. 2. To study customer perception about HDFC BANK Ltd. 3. To identify and study the various ways of ensuring customer satisfaction adopted by HDFC. BANKING STRUCTURE IN INDIA Scheduled Banks in India (A) Scheduled Commercial Banks Public sector Banks Private sector Banks Foreign Banks in India Regional Rural Bank (28) (27) (29) (102) Nationalized Bank Other Public Sector Banks (IDBI) SBI and its Associates Old Private Banks New Private Banks (B) Scheduled Cooperative Banks Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks (55) Scheduled State Cooperative Banks (31) Here we more concerned about private sector banks and competition among them. Today, there are 27 private sector banks in the banking sector: 19 old private sector banks and 8 new private sector banks. The banks which have been setup in the 1990s under the guidelines of the Narasimham Committee are referred to as NEW PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS. introduction The banking section will navigate through all the aspects of the Banking System in India. It will discuss upon the matters with the birth of the banking concept in the country to new players adding their names in the industry in coming few years. The banker of all banks, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Indian Banks Association (IBA) and top 20 banks like IDBI, HSBC, HDFC, ABN AMRO, etc. has been well defined under three separate heads with one page dedicated to each bank. However, in the introduction part of the entire banking cosmos, the past has been well explained under three different heads namely: History of Banking in India Nationalization of Banks in India Scheduled Commercial Banks in India The first deals with the history part since the dawn of banking system in India. Government took major step in the 1969 to put the banking sector into systems and it nationalized 14 private banks in the mentioned year. This has been elaborated in Nationalization Banks in India. The last but not the least explains about the scheduled and unscheduled banks in India. Section 42 (6) (a) of RBI Act 1934 lays down the condition of scheduled commercial banks. The descriptions along with a list of scheduled commercial banks are given on this page. HISTORY OF BANKING IN INDIA Without a sound and effective banking system in India it cannot have a healthy economy. The banking system of India should not only be hassle free but it should be able to meet new challenges posed by the technology and any other external and internal factors. For the past three decades Indias banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to only metropolitans or cosmopolitans in India. In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the main reasons of Indias growth process. The governments regular policy for Indian bank since 1969 has paid rich dividends with the nationalization of 14 major private banks of India. Not long ago, an account holder had to wait for hours at the bank counters for getting a draft or for withdrawing his own money. Today, he has a choice. Gone are days when the most efficient bank transferred money from one branch to other in two days. Now it is simple as instant messaging or dial a pizza. Money have become the order of the day. The first bank in India, though conservative, was established in 1786. From 1786 till today, the journey of Indian Banking System can be segregated into three distinct phases. They are as mentioned below: Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian Banks Nationalization of Indian Banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking sector Reforms. New phase of Indian Banking System with the advent of Indian Financial Banking Sector Reforms after 1991. To make this write-up more explanatory, I prefix the scenario as Phase I, Phase II and Phase III. Phase I The General Bank of India was set up in the year 1786. Next came Bank of Hindustan and Bengal Bank. The East India Company established Bank of Bengal (1809), Bank of Bombay (1840) and Bank of Madras (1843) as independent units and called it Presidency Banks. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and Imperial Bank of India was established which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans shareholders. In 1865 Allahabad Bank was established and first time exclusively by Indians, Punjab National Bank Ltd. was set up in 1894 with headquarters at Lahore. Between 1906 and 1913, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were set up. Reserve Bank of India came in 1935. During the first phase the growth was very slow and banks also experienced periodic failures between 1913 and 1948. There were approximately 1100 banks, mostly small. To streamline the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India came up with The Banking Companies Act, 1949 which was later changed to Banking Regulation Act 1949 as per amending Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965). Reserve Bank of India was vested with extensive powers for the supervision of banking in India as the Central Banking Authority. Phase II Government took major steps in this Indian Banking Sector Reform after independence. In 1955, it nationalized Imperial Bank of India with extensive banking facilities on a large scale especially in rural and semi-urban areas. It formed State Bank of India to act as the principal agent of RBI and to handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments all over the country. Seven banks forming subsidiary of State Bank of India was nationalized in 1960 on 19th July, 1969, major process of nationalization was carried out. It was the effort of the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. 14 major commercial banks in the country was nationalized. Second phase of nationalization Indian Banking Sector Reform was carried out in 1980 with seven more banks. This step brought 80% of the banking segment in India under Government ownership. The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate Banking Institutions in the Country: 1949: Enactment of Banking Regulation Act. 1955: Nationalization of State Bank of India. 1959: Nationalization of SBI subsidiaries. 1961: Insurance cover extended to deposits. 1969: Nationalization of 14 major banks. 1971: Creation of credit guarantee corporation. 1975: Creation of regional rural banks. 1980: Nationalization of seven banks with deposits over 200 crore. After the nationalization of banks, the branches of the public sector bank India rose to approximately 800% in deposits and advances took a huge jump by 11,000%. Banking in the sunshine of Government ownership gave the public implicit faith and immense confidence about the sustainability of these institutions. Phase III This phase has introduced many more products and facilities in the banking sector in its reforms measure. In 1991, under the chairmanship of M Narasimham, a committee was set up by his name which worked for the liberalization of banking practices. The country is flooded with foreign banks and their ATM stations. Efforts are being put to give a satisfactory service to customers. Phone banking and net banking is introduced. The entire system became more convenient and swift. Time is given more importance than money. BANKS IN INDIA In India the banks are being segregated in different groups. Each group has their own benefits and limitations in operating in India. Each has their own dedicated target market. Few of them only work in rural sector while others in both rural as well as urban. Many even are only catering in cities. Some are of Indian origin and some are foreign players. All these details and many more is discussed over here. The banks and its relation with the customers, their mode of operation, the names of banks under different groups and other such useful information’s are talked about. One more section has been taken note of is the upcoming foreign banks in India. The RBI has shown certain interest to involve more of foreign banks than the existing one recently. This step has paved a way for few more foreign banks to start business in India. Major Banks in India ABN-AMRO Bank Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank American Express Bank Andhra Bank Allahabad Bank Bank of Baroda Bank of India Bank of Maharastra Bank of Punjab Bank of Rajasthan Bank of Ceylon BNP Paribas Bank Canara Bank Catholic Syrian Bank Central Bank of India Centurion Bank China Trust Commercial Bank Citi Bank City Union Bank Corporation Bank Dena Bank Deutsche Bank Development Credit Bank Dhanalakshmi Bank Federal Bank HDFC Bank HSBC HDFC Bank IDBI Bank Indian Bank Indian Overseas Bank IndusInd Bank ING Vysya Bank Jammu Kashmir Bank JPMorgan Chase Bank Karnataka Bank Karur Vysya Bank Laxmi Vilas Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Punjab National Bank Punjab Sind Bank Scotia Bank South Indian Bank Standard Chartered Bank State Bank of India (SBI) State Bank of Bikaner Jaipur State Bank of Hyderabad State Bank of Indore State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Saurastra State Bank of Travancore Syndicate Bank Taib Bank UCO Bank Union Bank of India United Bank of India United Bank Of India United Western Bank UTI Bank Fact Files of Banks in India The first, the oldest, the largest, the biggest, get all such types of information’s about Banking in India in this section. The first bank in India to be given an ISO Certification Canara Bank The first bank in Northern India to get ISO 9002 certification for their selected branches Punjab and Sind Bank The first Indian bank to have been started solely with Indian capital Punjab National Bank The first among the private sector banks in Kerala to become a scheduled bank in 1946 under the RBI Act South Indian Bank Indias oldest, largest and most successful commercial bank, offering the widest possible range of domestic, international and NRI products and services, through its vast network in India and overseas State Bank of India Indias second largest private sector bank and is now the largest scheduled commercial bank in India The Federal Bank Limited Bank which started as private shareholders banks, mostly Europeans shareholders Imperial Bank of India The first Indian bank to open a branch outside India in London in 1946 and the first to open a branch in continental Europe at Paris in 1974 Bank of India, founded in 1906 in Mumbai The oldest Public Sector Bank in India having branches all over India and serving the customers for the last 132 years Allahabad Bank The first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians Central Bank of India Bank of India was founded in 1906 in Mumbai. It became the first Indian bank to open a branch outside India in London in 1946 and the first to open a branch in continental Europe at Paris in 1974. PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS Among the Public Sector Banks in India, United Bank of India is one of the 14 major banks, which were nationalized on July 19, 1969. Its predecessor, in the Public Sector Banks, the United Bank of India Ltd. , was formed in 1950 with the amalgamation of four banks viz. Camilla Banking Corporation Ltd. (1914), Bengal Central Bank Ltd. (1918), Camilla Union Bank Ltd. (1922) and Hooghly Bank Ltd. (1932). Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC), Government of India Undertaking offers Domestic, NRI and Commercial banking services. OBC is implementing a GRAMEEN PROJECT in Dehradun District (UP) and Hanumangarh District (Rajasthan) disbursing small loans. This Public Sector Bank India has implemented 14 point action plan for strengthening of credit delivery to women and has designated 5 branches as specialized branches for women entrepreneurs. The following are the list of Public Sector Banks in India Allahabad Bank Andhra Bank Bank of Baroda Bank of India Bank of Maharastra Canara Bank Central Bank of India Corporation Bank Dena Bank Indian Bank Indian Overseas Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Punjab Sind Bank Punjab National Bank Syndicate Bank UCO Bank Union Bank of India United Bank of India Vijaya Bank List of State Bank of India and its subsidiary, a Public Sector Banks State Bank of India State Bank of Bikaner Jaipur State Bank of Hyderabad State Bank of Indore State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Saurastra State Bank of Travancore PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS: Private banking in India was practiced since the beginning of banking system in India. The first private bank in India to be set up in Private Sector Banks in India was IndusInd Bank. It is one of the fastest growing Bank Private Sector Banks in India. IDBI ranks the tenth largest development bank in the world as Private Banks in India and has promoted world class institutions in India. The first Private Bank in India to receive an in principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India was Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited, to set up a bank in the private sector banks in India as part of the RBIs liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry. It was incorporated in August 1994 as HDFC Bank Limited with registered office in Mumbai and commenced operations as Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995. ING Vysya, yet another Private Bank of India was incorporated in the year 1930. Bangalore has a pride of place for having the first branch inception in the year 1934. With successive years of patronage and constantly setting new standards in banking, ING Vysya Bank has many credits to its account. List of Private Banks in India Bank of Punjab Bank of Rajasthan Catholic Syrian Bank Centurion Bank City Union Bank Dhanalakshmi Bank Development Credit Bank Federal Bank HDFC Bank HDFC Bank IDBI Bank IndusInd Bank ING Vysya Bank Jammu Kashmir Bank Karnataka Bank Karur Vysya Bank Laxmi Vilas Bank South Indian Bank United Western Bank INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY The Indian banking market is growing at an astonishing rate, with Assets expected to reach US$1 trillion by 2010. An expanding economy, middle class, and technological innovations are all contributing to this growth. The country’s middle class accounts for over 320 million People. In correlation with the growth of the economy, rising income levels, increased standard of living, and affordability of banking products are promising factors for continued expansion. The Indian banking market is growing at an astonishing rate, with Assets expected to reach US$1 trillion by 2010. An expanding economy, middle class, and technological innovations are all contributing to this growth. Source: The Indian banking Industry is in the middle of an IT revolution, Focusing on the expansion of retail and rural banking. Players are becoming increasingly customer centric in their approach, which has resulted in innovative methods of offering new banking products and services. Banks are now realizing the importance of being a big player and are beginning to focus their attention on mergers and acquisitions to take advantage of economies of scale and/or comply with Basel II regulation. â€Å"Indian banking industry assets are expected to reach US$1 trillion by 2010 and are poised to receive a greater infusion of foreign capital,† says Prathima Rajan, analyst in Celents banking group and author of the report. â€Å"The banking industry should focus on having a small number of large players that can compete globally rather than having a large number of fragmented players. \ WE UNDERSTAND YOUR WORLD Type : Public (BSE: 500180, NYSE: HDB) Founded : 1994 Headquarters : Mumbai, India Industry : Banking Insurance Capital Markets and allied Industries Products : Financial services. Website : www. hdfcbank. com Key people : Jagdish kapoor (Chairman) OVERVIEW The Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) was amongst the first to receive an in principle approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the RBIs liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry in 1994. The bank was incorporated in August 1994 in the name of HDFC Bank Limited, with its registered office in Mumbai, India. HDFC Bank commenced operations as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995. HDFC is Indias premier housing finance company and enjoys an impeccable track record in India as well as in international markets. Since its inception in 1977, the Corporation has maintained a consistent and healthy growth in its operations to remain the market leader in mortgages. Its outstanding loan portfolio covers well over a million dwelling units. HDFC has developed significant expertise in retail mortgage loans to different market segments and also has a large corporate client base for its housing related credit facilities. With its experience in the financial markets, a strong market reputation, large shareholder base and unique consumer franchise, HDFC was ideally positioned to promote a bank in the Indian environment. HDFC Bank began operations in 1995 with a simple mission : to be a â€Å" World Class Indian Bank. † We realized that only a single mindedfocus on product quality and service excellence would help us get there. Today, we are proud to say that we are well on our way towards that goal. The Bank’s staffing needs continued to increase during the year particularly in the retail banking businesses in line with the business growth. Total number of employees increased from 14878 as of March31,2006 to 21477 as of March 31, 2007. The Bank continues tofocus on training its employees on a continuing basis, both on the joband through training programs conducted by internal and externalfaculty. The Bank has consistently believed that broader employee ownership of its shares has a positive impact on its performance and employee motivation. The Bank’s employee stock option scheme so far covers around 9000 employees. It is more important for every organization to know about from where and where to spent money. And balanced between these two things rupee earned and rupee spent are required for smooth running of business and financial soundness. This type of watch can control and eliminate the unnecessary spending of business. In this diagram it include both things from where Bank earned Rupee and where to spent. HDFC BANK earned from the ‘Interest from Advances’ 51. 14 % ,‘Interest from Investment’ 27. 12 %, bank earned commission exchange and brokerage of 15. 25 %. These are the major earning sources of the bank. Bank also earned from the Forex and Derivatives and some other Interest Income. Bank spent 39. 75 % on Interest Expense, 30. 27 % on Operating Expense and 14. 58 % on Provision. Bank also spent Dividend and Tax on dividend, Loss on Investment , Tax. As we discuss above that balancing is must between these two for every organization especially in the era of globalization where there are stiff competition among various market players. The combined entity would have a nationwide network of 1167 branches; a strong deposit base of around Rs. 1,22,000 crores and net advances of around Rs. 89,000 crores. The balance sheet size ofthe combined entity would be over Rs. 1,63,000 crores. On March 27, 2008, the shareholders of the Bank accorded their consent to a scheme of amalgamation of Centurion Bank of PunjabLimited with HDFC Bank Limited. The shareholders of the Bank approved the issuance of one equity share of Rs. 10/- each of HDFC Bank Limited for every 29 equity shares of Re. 1/- each held in Centurion Bank of Punjab Limited. This is subject to receipt of Approvals from the Reserve Bank of India, stock exchanges and Other requisite statutory and regulatory authorities. The shareholders Also accorded their consent to issue equity shares and/or warrants convertible into equity shares at the rate of Rs. 1,530. 13 each to HDFC Limited and/or other promoter group companies on preferentialbasis, subject to final regulatory approvals in this regard. The Shareholders of the Bank have also approved an increase in theauthorized capital from Rs. 450 crores to Rs. 550 crores. Promoted in 1995 by Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC), Indias leading housing finance company, HDFC Bank is one of Indias premier banks providing a wide range of financial productsand services to its over 11 million customers across hundreds of Indian cities using multiple distribution channels including a pan-India network of branches, ATMs, phone banking, net banking and mobile banking. Within a relatively short span of time, the bank has emerged as a leading player in retail banking, wholesale banking, and treasury operations, its three principal business segments. The banks competitive strength clearly lies in the use of technology and the ability to deliver world-class service with rapid response time. Over the last 13 years, the bank has successfully gained market share in its target customer franchises while maintaining healthy profitability and asset quality. As on March 31, 2008, the Bank had a network of 761 branches and 1,977 ATMs in 327 cities. For the year ended March 31, 2008, the Bank reported a net profit of INR 15. 90 billion (Rs. 1590. 2crore),up 39. 3%, over the corresponding year ended March 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2008 total deposits were INR 1007. 69 billion,(Rs. 100,769 crore) up 47. 5% over the corresponding year ended March 31, 2007. Total balance sheet size too grew by 46. 0% to INR 1,331. 77 billion (133177 crore). Leading Indian and international Publications have recognized the bank for its performance and Quality ACHIEVEMENT IN 2007 Business Today-Monitor Group survey One of Indias Most Innovative Companies Financial Express-Ernst Young Award Best Bank Award in the Private Sector category Global HR Excellence Awards Asia Pacific HRM Congress: Employer Brand of the Year 2007 -2008 Award First Runner up, many more Business Today Best Bank Award Dun Bradstreet – American Express Corporate Best Bank Award 2007 Corporate Best Bank Award The Bombay Stock Exchange and Nasscom Foundations Business for Social Responsibility Awards 2007 Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practice Award Outlook Money NDTV Profit Best Bank Award in the Private sector category. The Asian Banker Excellence in Retail Financial Services Awards Best Retail Bank in India Asian Banker HDFC BANK Managing Director Aditya Puri wins the Leadership Achievement Award for India HDFC BANK PRODUCT AND CUSTOMER SEGMENTS PERSONAL BANKING Loan Product Deposit Product Investment Insurance Auto Loan Loan Against Security Loan Against Property Personal loan 2-wheeler loan Commercial vehicles finance Home loans Retail business banking Tractor loan Working Capital Finance Construction Equipment Finance Health Care Finance Education Loan Gold Loan Saving A/c Current A/c Fixed deposit Demat A/c Trading A/c Safe deposit locker Mutual Fund Bonds Knowledge Centre Insurance General and Health Insurance Equity and Derivatives Mudra Gold Bar Cards Payment Services Access To Bank Credit Card Debit Card Prepaid Card Forex Services Product Services Trade Services Forex service Branch Locater RBI Guidelines Net Safe Merchant Prepaid Refill Bill pay Visa Bill pay InstaPay DirectPay VisaMoney Transfer e–Monies Electronic Funds Transfer Online Payment of Direct Tax NetBanking OneView InstaAlert MobileBanking ATM Phone Banking Email Statements Branch Network WHOLESALE BANKING Corporate Small and Medium Enterprises Financial Institutions and Trusts Funded Services Non Funded Services Value Added Services Internet Banking Funded Services Non Funded Services Specialized Services Value added services Internet Banking BANKS Clearing Sub-Membership RTGS – sub membership Fund Transfer ATM Tie-ups Corporate Salary a/c Tax Collection Financial Institutions Mutual Funds Stock Brokers Insurance Companies Commodities Business Trusts NRI SERVICES Accounts Deposits Remittances Rupee Saving a/c Rupee Current a/c Rupee Fixed Deposits Foreign Currency Deposits Accounts for Returning Indians North America UK Europe South East Asia Middle East Africa Others Quick remit IndiaLink Cheque LockBox Telegraphic/ Wire Transfer Funds Transfer Cheques/DDs/TCs Investment Insurances Loans Mutual Funds Insurance Private Banking Portfolio Investment Scheme Home Loans Loans Against Securities Loans Against Deposits Gold Credit Card Payment Services Access To Bank NetSafe BillPay InstaPay DirectPay Visa Money Online Donation NetBanking OneView InstaAlert ATM PhoneBanking Email Statements Branch Network BUSINESS STRETEGY HDFC BANK mission is to be A World Class Indian Bank, benchmarking themselves against international standards and best practices in terms of product offerings, technology, service levels,risk management and audit compliance. The objective is to build sound customer franchises across distinct businesses so as to be a preferred provider of banking services for target retail and wholesale customer segments, and to achieve a healthy growth in profitability, consistent with the Banks risk appetite. Bank is committed to do this while ensuring the highest levels of ethical standards, professional integrity, corporate governance and regulatory compliance. Continue to develop new product and technology is the main business strategy of the bank. Maintain good relation with the customers is the main and prime objective of the bank. HDFC BANK business strategy emphasizes the following : Increase market share in India’s expanding banking and financial services industry by following a disciplined growth strategy focusing on quality and not on quantity and delivering high quality customer service. Leverage our technology platform and open scaleable systems to deliver more products to more customers and to control operating costs. Maintain current high standards for asset quality through disciplined credit risk management. Develop innovative products and services that attract thetargeted customers and address inefficiencies in the Indian financial sector. Continue to develop products and services that reduce bank’s cost of funds. Focus on high earnings growth with low volatility. TECHNOLOGY USED IN HDFC BANK In the era of globalization each and every sector faced the stiff competition from their rivals. And world also converted into the flat from the globe. After the policy of liberalization and RBI initiatives to take the step for the private sector banks, more and more changes are taking the part into it. And there are create competition between the private sector banks and public sector bank. Private sector banks are today used the latest technology for thedifferent transaction of day to day banking life. As we know that Information Technology plays the vital role in the each and every industries and gives the optimum return from the limited resources. Banks are service industries and today IT gives the innovative Technology application to Banking industries. HDFC BANK is the leader in the industries and today IT and HDFC BANK together combined they reached the sky. New technology changed the mind of the customers and changed the queue concept from the history banking transaction. Today there are different channels are available for the banking transactions. We can see that the how technology gives the best results in the below diagram. There are drastically changes seen in the use of Internet banking, in a year 2001 (2%) and in the year 2009 ( 25%). These type of technology gives the freedom to retail customers. Centralized Processing Units Derived Economies of Scale Electronic Straight Through Processing Reduced Transaction Cost Data Warehousing , CRM Improve cost efficiency, Cross sell Innovative Technology Application Provide new or superior products HDFC BANK is the very consistent player in the New private sector banks. New private sector banks to withstand the competition from public sector banks came up with innovative products and superior service. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data Collection Techniques: This project consists of two parts. The first part is a study of the banking industry, HDFC Bank using secondary data sources. This secondary information has been sourced from the internet and from business related magazines and newspapers. The second part of the study has been done using an exploratory research process and a structured questionnaire was developed for this purpose. For the collection of primary data this was the only method used. The reason I used this method is because a need was felt for the free influx of information about the products. Also this method allowed the use of skills gained in class. Sample Design: The population considered for the purpose of the survey was people residing in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR). Sampling Technique Used: Since the information required was not of a very technical nature and also looking at the scope of the project and the extent of the target segment, the sampling technique employed was Convenience Sampling. I administered the questionnaires. Sample Size: I have restricted the sample size to 50 respondents. This was done keeping in mind the time constraints and the fact that I felt that this number would be enough to serve the information needs required to show the trends. Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is equivalent to making sure that product and service performance meets customer expectations. It is the perception of the customer that the outcome of a business transaction is equal to or greater than his/her expectation. Customer satisfaction occurs when the acquisition of products and /or services provides a minimum negative departure from expectations when compared with other acquisitions and when the marginal utility of a transaction is equal to or greater than preceding acquisitions. Customer satisfaction occurs when the perception of the reward from the purchase of goods or services by the customer meets or exceeds his/her perceived sacrifice. The perception is a consequence of matching past purchase and consumption experience with the current purchase. Customer Service and Satisfaction: When we talk about customer service and/or satisfaction, we talk about creativity. Creativity allows us to handle or diffuse problems at hand or later on rather in the process of conducting the everyday business. We talk about how, or what, does the organization have to do to gain not only the sale but also the loyalty of the customer. We want to know the payoff of the transaction both in the short and long term. We want to know what our customers Want? We want to know if our customers are satisfied. Satisfaction, Of course, means that what we delivered to a customer met the customer’s Approval.

SAT Essay Writing Sample

SAT Essay Writing SampleYour SAT essay is a reflection of your true personality, so it's important to get your best marks by preparing your essay at home or at a local college or high school. A college admission test can test your skills in many areas, including writing and analytical thinking.Your SAT essay is an extension of your high school or college experience. It's your chance to explore how you learned most of the things you've learned in class. While preparing your essay, take some time to reflect on what you did in class.The SAT reading comprehension section will test you on basic grammar and word usage. Make sure you know how to spell words correctly and how to make sentences logical. Think about how your teacher taught you, as well as what you learned from reading the works of other writers. If possible, collect a sample of their work and use that to guide your essay writing.The syllabus will also give you hints for writing your essay. You can ask a teacher, or look up thi s information on the internet. Review your course materials with an eye to providing a summary that matches the syllabus.In addition to writing about the syllabus, your SAT essay should include information about the class. Discuss the teachers you respected, what kinds of activities you enjoyed doing in class, and what kind of people the professors tried to avoid. This will help you develop a more objective perspective on the class and your school. In addition, the majority of schools have a website that discusses the class and may even have a sitter assigned to your class.When you were in high school, did you enjoy reading books and if so, which ones, and how did you like the author? Think about the stories in this text, and try to write about this in your essay. Other questions to consider are: if you liked 'Fifty Shades of Grey,' what was it about, and how did it make you feel?If you want to emphasize a specific part of the book or your high school experience, do so. You can even add a personal essay that provides more insight into your own life and experiences.For example, if you enjoyed reading Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, then you might write a short essay about the book, including information about the author, the year the book was published, and some personal memories that relate to the book. Do you want to focus on the different characters and events in the book, or is it a memoir of your experiences as a student? Consider what you would like to say about the book, or about your own experience as a student.

Assignment 5 Essays (387 words) - Eschatology, Christian Eschatology

Assignment 5 Q) Wh at is meant by a premillennial groups and what are their strong beliefs? A) Premillennialism, in Christian eschatology, is the belief that Jesus will physically return to the earth before the Millennium. This return is referred to as the Second Coming. It is distinct from the other forms of Christian eschatology such as postmillennialism or amillennialism , which view the millennial rule as occurring either before the second coming, or as being figurative and non-temporal. For the last century, the belief has been common in Evangelicalism. Premillennialism is based upon a citation of the New Testament which describes Jesus' coming to the earth and subsequent reign at the end of an apocalyptic period of tribulation. Premillennialism is often used to refer specifically to those who adhere to the beliefs in an earthly millennial reign of Christ as well as a rapture of the faithful coming before or after the tribulation preceding the millennium Q) What challenges were faced by Catholic immigrants face and why were they viewed this way? A) They were very much hated, and they also had to work for very cheap only receiving several cents per week. Working conditions were very bad back then, poor lighting, no ac or heat, and dangerous equipment. They were to take those jobs because those were the only ones available to them. Learning to speak English, finding a job, finding a place to live. Immigrants tended to bunch up in an area so they would be surrounded by familiar culture and language. Each group of immigrants faced the same problems as they arrived. They had to learn a whole new language in order to get a job. They faced racism as well. The Italians and Irish were targeted in particular. The people who were already here thought that the Italians and Irish were a lower class of people. Just like the black slaves faced in earlier years here. When they would go to a business to apply for a job they would see signs in the front windows of certain places "No Italian or Irish need apply". That is when they started t he settlement houses so that they could learn English and get ready to apply for work. They were often viewed as job stealers so natives turned on them

Developments in Migration Theory, Feminisation, Diaspora Transnationalism, and Asylum as a Migration Flow The WritePass Journal

Developments in Migration Theory, Feminisation, Diaspora Transnationalism, and Asylum as a Migration Flow Abstract Developments in Migration Theory, Feminisation, Diaspora Transnationalism, and Asylum as a Migration Flow ) describe the transnational approach as one that discards the nation-state as the only source of empirical analysis which is also posited by Faist (2000) and Portes (2000). Methodological transnationalism, which is constructed by Amelina and Faist, covers a range of research methods that complement current epistemological approaches to the link between space and social mobility. Linked to this are migrant’s investments and entrepreneurship (as a way in which they pursue a wide range of transnational economic activities), which is an important concern of policy makers (Olesen, 2003).   As migration can be understood through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary viewpoints, developments in migration theory such as those by Castles and Miller (2009) fully describe this view, which only suggests an attempt to overcome the limitations of the ‘push-pull’ model 2.2 Feminisation as a major trend in contemporary migration Feminisation as a major trend in contemporary migration is seen in the example of Indonesia and Sri Lanka, which obtained the labour market for domestic workers, thereby spurring the feminisation of migration in the Gulf region. Female migrants are found in such fields as medical/health, sales, hospitality, and maintenance. The largest number of women migrants is in domestic work (Asis, 2005; Mateos, 2005). According to Asis (2005), Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines deploy female workers annually at 62-75 per cent; and deployment is associated with feminisation of migration. There are circumstances that feminisation of migration would broaden to include other countries, as illustrated by the example of Thai women migrants who may face underrepresentation in legal migration, but are predominant in terms of irregular migration (Asis, 2005). It may be seen based on Asis’ (2005) discussion that the wider significance of feminisation as a major trend in contemporary migration is driven by labour migration. Piper (2013), on the other hand, surmised that the relevance of gender is found in most aspects of migration. Feminisation has been acknowledged as one of the major issues of current migration streams, as noted by academic studies since the 80s. Piper cited the reason for this:   improvement in statistical visibility, increased women participation in most migration flows, increased failure of men to seek full-time jobs in their countries of origin, and an increasing demand for female employment in destination countries. In support to this, Engle (2004) claims that foreign women are tremendously regarded as commodities and carriers of service. If in the past, the movement of women was often due to family reunification or dependent on a male migrant; today, such movement features them as main migrants in their own right, generally as low-wage earners, where the dynamics of corporate globalisation are the ones directing female employment. The wider significance of this feminisation trend for understanding migration is that it plays an important role in the institutionalisation of corporate globalisation in the process of migration, which offers further understanding of migration. 2.3 Diaspora and transnationalism as two awkward dance partners Diaspora and transnationalism are described by Faist (2010b) as ‘two awkward dance partners’ that function as prominent research lenses for seeing the   upshot of international migration. Albeit both ‘globalisation’ and ‘multiculturalism’ describe cross-border processes, the concept of Diaspora has often denoted national or religious groupings of people that live outside an imagined native land. Transnationalism, on the other hand, is used narrowly (to describe the strong ties amongst migrants) and widely (to depict communities and social formations) (Faist, 2010b). Why Diaspora and transnationalism are two awkward dance partners is because of the discussion below: Transnational social spaces, which are depicted in transnationalism, describe migrants’ daily practices as they engage in a range of activities, such as reciprocity and unity, political participation in both countries of emigration and immigration, and migrants’ small-scale entrepreneurship, to name some.   Transnationalism is not broadly used compared to Diaspora and is not as politicised, but it is entangled with political connotations. Despite the indicated presence of ideology in the ‘ism’ in transnationalism, the adherents of this ideology is not apparent. Moreover, discussions on immigrants’ integration have been sparked by transnationalism ever since transnationalism was introduced to migration studies (Faist, 2010a). It has been made clear that both Diaspora and transnationalism cannot be taken apart in any way since doing so would mean neglecting the panoply of constantly overlapping definitions. Diaspora faced an absolute increase in applications and interpretations and these characteristics sum up most of its definitions. The first pertains to the causes of migration.   Forced dispersal has been affixed to the older notions, which can be traced from the experience of Jews. Newer notions, on the other hand, relate to any form of dispersal, such as trade dispersal. The second refers to homeland’s cross-border experiences with destination, as implied in older notions that indicate a revisit to an imagined homeland. Newer notion, on the other hand, replace revisit with dense and continuous connections across borders, which include countries of onward migration, thereby highlighting lateral ties. Thus, Diaspora can be referred to include ethnic and religious groups/communities. Lastly, the third characteristic suggests the â€Å"integration of migrants and/or minorities into the countries of settlement† (Faist, 2010b: 13). It may be inferred that based on these discussions, Faist is right in describing Diaspora and transnationalism as awkward dance partners. 2.4 The Increasingly Differentiated Migration Flows Focused on Asylum This section discusses the increasingly differentiated migration flows, focused on asylum migration. According to Lasailly-Jacob (2010), policies on asylum have been the main focus of academic research and public debates. The point of view of the host countries has been given much attention, with particular emphasis on the foresights of the receiving ones who manage the effects of population movements in their country. Doomernik and Jandl (2008) observe that a tough policy on asylum migration has been undertaken to balance global recruitment strategies. Whether a strong asylum policy only intends to mask an increasing volume of immigration is open to interpretation. Published reports indicate refused asylum applications alongside approximately 60,000 deportation targets. The European Union (EU) compromises certain democratic norms in dealing with neighbouring counties like Libya or Ukraine to adopt migration activities. Questions that arise include proper access to asylum, protection from persecution, and detention conditions. Physical safety has been used as a prism for greater cooperation to regulate the flow of asylum seekers across countries. Common legally binding policy in relation to asylum and policing has been undertaken (Charmie and Powers, 2008). Both asylum and immigration policies face the issues of visas, family unification, social integration, equal treatment and inclusivity, and admission criteria, to name a few (Peers and Rogers, 2006). 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Research Design: Qualitative The specific research design for this study is qualitative, which is defined as â€Å"multi-method in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter† (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011: 5). This indicates that qualitative research undertakes investigations in natural settings, whereby people attempt to interpret phenomena based on the meanings brought to them. Some of the empirical materials used in qualitative studies are interviews, case studies, visual texts, and focus groups, to name a few. The justification for using the qualitative design for this research is its direction to present the research questions involving migration, which cannot be adequately discussed if a quantitative or a mixed method design is applied. 3.2 Research Paradigm: Interpretive Since this research pursues the qualitative design, it hence correspondingly employs an interpretive paradigm. This paradigm states that people continuously produce social constructions from the world around them. The ultimate purpose of interpretive paradigm is to understand the experiences of people as the study takes place in natural settings (Chilisa and Preece, 2005). On the point of view of interpretivism, knowledge is subjective because of its nature to create social constructions. This is differentiated from the positivist paradigm, which is based on measurement and quantification (Cohen, Manion, and Morrison, 2011). 3.3 Data Collection Both primary and secondary data collection methods are applied to this research to address the research questions. Primary data are those collected afresh for the specific use of the researcher and are therefore original (Mooi and Sarstedt, 2011). Examples of these are survey data, interview data, observation data, field notes, etc. Secondary data, on the other hand, are those already collected by someone else for their own purpose, which is being used again by another (Kothari, 2004). Examples of these are data from books, journal articles, corporate reports, online data, and the like. This current research employs interview data as well as data from books and academic journals. The interview thus conducted is in-depth and semi-structured, involving an asylum seeker from Sierra Leone. 4. Presentation and Analysis of Results According to the interview participant, the civil war in her homeland caused her to come to the UK in 2002. Her purpose of migration was to obtain safety from the war and to have a better chance of good education.   This is coherent with the notion of forced dispersal embodying the concept of Diaspora (Faist, 2010a; Faist, 2010b). There was a strong belief from the participant that Britain is more accommodating towards asylum seekers than other countries, as she was reminded that Sierra Leone was once a colony of Britain. The presence of a strong Sierra Leone community in Britain, to which she is able to identify and rely strongly, also served as a reason for her search for asylum in the country. Physical safety is the reason for her search for asylum, which the literature also claims as the prism that precipitates greater cooperation to regulate the flow of asylum seekers (e.g. Charmie and Powers, 2008).   Apparently, the push-pull model does not harmonise with the participantâ €™s situation because of the model’s focus on the individual level and its propensity to overlook the internal stratification and heterogeneous character of societies (e.g. de Haas, 2008). The participant states that despite her strong Sierra Leone culture, there were changes in her priorities along the way. She claims that she goes home every year, communicates with her family via phone or Skype, and sends money to her people. This is congruent with de Haas’ (2008) description of the transnational community. The participant now sees the UK as her home because this is where she lives, works, and pays her taxes. The strong cultural ties and community spirit with her people is seen in the fact that if any Sierra Leonean is in difficulty, she participates (along with the others) in contributing money, buying food, or helping the person to take care of their children if they cannot. It may be suggested that within this community is a form of people’s cooperative union, showing Diaspora that includes ethnic and religious groups/communities as described by Faist (2010b), as well as an â€Å"imagined homeland† (Faist, 2010a).   This also demonstrates ho w migration systems link people in transnational communities, consequently resulting in a geographical clustering of migration streams (de Haas, 2008), as how the Sierra Leone community (where the participant belongs) is formed. Having lived in the UK for quite a long time, the participant appreciates the idea of the multicultural community, coupled with friends of different nationalities who are generally more accepting. Faist (2010b) calls such integration into the country of settlement ‘Diaspora’. According to the participant, some countries do not apply equal opportunities, fairness, and human rights as they do in the UK.   Amongst those she appreciates the most in the UK are free education, respect for human rights, safety and security, a feeling of independence, and economic and political stability. She says that this is unlike the civil war, corruption, and lack of economic growth in Sierra Leone. However, she stresses the importance of having family members around, since being alone can be isolating. Despite having lived in the UK for a long time, she claims that the Sierra Leonean culture has influenced her character more than the British culture. The notion of transnationalism is see n in this context, specifically transnational social spaces, such as reciprocity and unity in both countries of emigration and immigration (Faist, 2010a). Her country of origin benefits from her living in the UK by working with the Red Cross as a way to give back to the country that rescued her from persecution in her homeland. The war in Sierra Leone created an avenue for her to come to the UK and pursue her goals, including education, which is valued in her family as a means to sustain financial and social statuses. Amelina and Faist (2012) describe this in their ‘methodological transnationalism’ as a development that takes place between space and social mobility. It must be noted that the concept of feminisation (e.g. Piper, 2013; Engle, 2004; Asis, 2005) may also be applied to this example, as the asylum seeker is a woman who was eventually able to integrate to the UK society as a student and a worker. It has been forwarded that the relevance of gender can be seen in most aspects of migration (including asylum) (Piper, 2013), to which the participant’s situation is applicable. 3. Evaluation and Conclusion 3.1 Evaluation The participant in the study demonstrates the irrelevance of the push-pull model of migration to the stream of migration. Rather, the transnational approach reveals a more applicable position to the situation, as shown by the social bonds thus created amongst Sierra Leoneans and with other UK residents, and the tendency of the participant to remit some money to her family and friends way back in her country (e.g. de Haas, 2008; Amelina and Faist, 2012). Albeit faminisation is not the major issue in the interview, it can be surmised that its essence is nonetheless existent since the asylum seeker eventually became a worker in the UK, and her deployment may be associated with feminisation of migration (Asis, 2005). Diaspora is evident in the groups of Sierra Leonean people who live outside an imagined native land (e.g. Faist, 2010b). Transnationalism, on the other hand, is seen in the description of the migrants’ strong ties and social formations (e.g.   Faist, 2010a; Faist, 2010b).   Thus, the partnership between Diaspora and transnationalism is relevant to the migrant as an asylum seeker. Moreover, regulation processes create and mould migration flows, which are involved in labour market segmentation insofar as polices are supported by gendered and classed postulations. Legal channels are concluded to have opened up due to the upsurge of irregular migration, including asylum.   3.2 Conclusion This research deals with the developments in migration theory and how these developments addressed the limitations of the push-pull model. It explains feminisation as a major trend in contemporary migration, as well as the metaphor that Diaspora and transnationalism are ‘two awkward dance partners’. Further, it focuses on asylum and how it complicates the analysis of global migration and their regulation. Developments in migration theory have caused an attempt for the surmounting of the limitations of the ‘push-pull’ model, an individual choice and equilibrium model. The relativity of migration pressure shows the triviality of the model. The transnational approach deals with this triviality and limitations, whereby it rejects the nation-state as the sole basis of empirical analysis. Feminisation, on the other hand, is seen as a major trend in contemporary migration, as evidenced by the proliferation of women workers in the fields of medical/health, sales, hospitality, and maintenance. Labour migration drives the occurrence of feminisation as a major trend in contemporary migration. Gendered norms also mediate the way migrants perform their roles in the migration process. There are prevailing stereotyped assumptions amongst labour recruiters set at the heart of the feminisation of migration, offering both demand and opportunities for female workers. Through migration systems, people, families and communities are linked in transnational communities, and it consequently leads to an orderly geographical arrangement and clustering of migration streams, just as the participant in the study seems to depict. The concept of Diaspora denotes national or religious groupings of people that live outside an imagined native land. Transnationalism is used to explain the strong ties that prevail amongst migrants as well as to describe communities and social formations. A balance between tough policy on asylum migration and global recruitment processes has been established in migration process. Physical safety has been the precipitating prism for regulating the stream of asylum seekers across countries, which is the same reason for asylum seeking by the participant in the study. Bibliography Amelina, A.   and Faist, T. (2012) De-naturalizing the National in Research Methodologies: Key Concepts of Transnational Studies in Migration. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35 (10): 1707-1724. Asis, M. M. B. (2005) Recent Trends in International Migration in Asia and the Pacific. Asia Pacific Population Journal, 20 (3): 15-38. Castle, S Miller, R. (2009) The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World.   Fourth Edition. New York:   Macmillan. Charmie, J. and Powers, M. G. (2008) International Migration and Development: Continuing the Dialogue: Legal and Policy Perspectives. Geneva: International Organization for Migration. Chilisa, B. and Preece, J. (2005) Research Methods for Adult Educators in Africa. NY: Pearson Education. Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (2011) Research Methods in Education. Seventh Edition. Oxon: Routledge. de Haas, H. (2008) Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective. Paper 9. Working Papers. Oxford: International Migration Institute, James 21st Century School, University of Oxford. Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications, Inc. Doomernik, J. and Jandl, M. (2008) Modes of Migration Regulation and Control in Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Engle, L. B. (2004) The World in Motion: Short Essays on Migration and Gender. Geneva: International Organization for Migration. Faist, T. (2000a) The Volume and Dynamics of International Migration and Transnational Social Spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Faist, T. (2010b) Diaspora and transnationalism: What kind of dance partners? R. Baubock T. Faist (Eds.) Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods (pp. 9-34). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Gabriel, C. and Pellerin, H. (2008) Governing International Labour Migration: Current Issues, Challenges and Dilemmas. Oxon: Routledge. Kofman, E. (2005) Citizenship, Migration, and the Reassertion of National Identity. Citizenship Studies, 9 (5): 453-467. Kothari, C. R. (2004) Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. Second Edition. Delhi: New Age International. Lasailly-Jacob, V. (2010) â€Å"Forced migration in Africa: A new but overlooked category of refugees†. In C. Audebert and M. K. Morai (Eds.) Migration in a Globalised World: New Research Issues and Prospects. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Mateos, N. R. (2005) The Mediterranean in the Age of Globalization: Migration, Welfare, and Borders. NJ: Transaction Publishers. Mooi, E. and Sarstedt, M. (2011) A Concise Guide to Market Research: The Process, Data, and Methods Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Olesen, H. (2003) ‘Migration, Return, and Development: An Institutional Perspective’. In N. V. Hear and N. N. Sorensen (Eds.) Geneva: The Migration Development Nexus. Peers, S. and Rogers, N. (2006) EU Immigration and Asylum Law: Text and Commentary. The Netherlands: Konikliije Brill NV, Leiden. Piper, N. (2013) New Perspectives on Gender and Migration: Livelihood, Rights and Entitlements. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Oxon: Routledge. Portes, A. (2000) ‘Globalization from below: The rise of transnational communities. In D. Kalb et al. (Eds.). The End of Globalization: Bringing Society Back in. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, p. 253-270. Smith, M. P.   and Favell, A. (2006) The Human Face of Mobile Mobility: International Highly Skilled Migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.

Terrorism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism - Case Study Example Player et al. provide a more broad-based definition, saying that terrorism is â€Å"undertaken to influence a government for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause. Such act shall be certified as an "Act of Terrorism† (Player et al, 2002). However, this stance denies that there may be other causes for terrorism (or, in the case of anarchists, no cause at all). Personally, I would propose that Player et al.’s definition is acceptable, if it is amended to include more purposes. Terrorism is an abstract notion to begin with, a non-concrete and non-specific term that expands through the interpretations of various people with differing ideas of adding concreteness to the word. In other words, one person’s terrorist is another person’s freedom fighter. It is not a simple matter of translation when the word to be defined is something like terrorism. There are many perspectives to consider morally, politically, and in terms of point of view. â€Å"Some stress the psychological flaws of terrorist, flaws that attract them to a life of violence. Others argue that terrorists are relatively free of psychiatric problems and become involved in terrorism because they perceive they have no other option for survival† (Cleveland, 2004). Paterson and Brown define a just war as one which is not aggressive or preemptive, and, particularly in Brown, the author advocates the use of mediation rather than force in international affairs. The authors call for a re conceptualization of just war. noting that one must consider the use and impact of force in an international situation as a crisis reaction, and highlighting the dynamism and flux of the current world environment, in which force should be the last resort, not the first (Brown and Glass, 2004). I agree that a re conceptualization of just war is necessary, especially after the Iraq war. The US did not have any certifiable and truthful

Analytical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Analytical Report - Essay Example The report analyses financial statements of the two firms in order to understand whether they have been successful in their operations. The client list is also analyzed to get a clear picture of the type of customers the firm deals with. The report has also made an observation on global presence of the two firms. By understanding the global presence, the report is able to review the benefits that come with that. In conclusion, the best alternative would be PwC. The firm has established itself globally and evenly in the regions of interest. The firm has also been aggressive in expanding its market share and customer operations by taking new member firms every year. With acquisition of new firms and mergers, the firm has ensured improved service delivery in a more efficient manner. The client list also has so much impact on the decision. Major global corporations that are world leaders in their industry are working together with the firm and this shows customer loyalty and confidence. Apple Inc. is a global technology company based in California USA. The company focuses on designing, developing and selling of mobile phones, computer gadgets, online services, consumer electronics among other products and services. Founded in 1976, Apple is currently the worlds second largest technological company by revenue. The company is listed in NASDAQ and on 19th March 2015, it joined the Dow Jones Industrial average. With over 98,000 employees, the company has 437 retail stores globally. In the financial year 2014, the company accumulated a total US DDDD 182 billion in revenue. Apple is the largest company that is traded publicly with operating segments in America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Africa. With such a significant financial operation, there is need to have a proper financial management, audit, analysis and monitoring. The sole purpose of this report is primarily to facilitate the